| Amazing Artemisias |  |
Artemis - Goddess of the herbalist - gives her name to a genus of
marvelously aromatic, safely psychedelic, highly medicinal, dazzlingly
decorative, and more-or-less edible plants in the Asteraceae family. I love
Artemis, and I love her plants.
Who is Artemis?
Amazonian moon goddess. Goddess of the hunt. Goddess of the wild things.
Goddess of the midwife. Goddess of the herbalist. Mother of all Creatures.
Leader of the sacred bitches. Great she-bear. Diana. Selene. Ever Virgin;
owned by no man. We will visit her sacred wood on a shamanic journey. Who
knows what will happen then.
How do Artemisias grow in your garden?
Most Artemisias are perennials and grow best from cuttings, not seeds. Sweet
Annie is the exception, being a self-seeding annual. Although you can buy
tarragon seeds, you can't grow true tarragon from them. Wormwood and
southernwood and tarragon (the last not winter-hardy in many places) are
woody perennials which regreen each year on last year's new wood; I prune
only dead wood from them. Cronewort is an invasive perennial that creeps
underground; it dies back to the ground each year and can be heavily
harvested (clear cuts are ok) without damage to its further prolific
productivity.
Most Artemisias require little care. Lack of soil nutrients and lack of
water do not faze them. Many are native to deserts, and know how to thrive
in hot dry weather. Except for tarragon, all can overwinter without fuss.
Flowers are usually small and green, in other words, nearly invisible.
What do Artemisias contain?
² bitter principals: wormwood
² coumarins: cronewort, tarragon
² essential oils (complex, variety specific, with hundreds of
components per plant): cronewort (high in camphor, thujone), tarragon,
wormwood (high in camphor, thujone)
² flavonoids: cronewort, tarragon
² glycosides: cronewort, tarragon
² hormones: cronewort (sitosterol, stigmasterol)
² sesquiterpene lactones: cronewort
How are Artemisias used?
Artemisias, with their grey-green or white-green foliage bring beauty to the
garden throughout the growing season. They also make long-lasting, aromatic
and beautiful indoor decorations: bouquets, wreaths, swags. They are popular
strewing herbs, too.
Those which are high in essential oils are thereby antibacterial,
antifungal, and antimicrobial. They also improve digestion and appetite if
taken in small doses.
Any Artemisia growing beside the door - or painted on it - was, in days of
old, the sign of the midwife, the herbalist. Magical and folkloric uses are
numerous.
"Mugwort possesses both natural and supernatural qualities. [It] excels as a
woman's herb, easing the pain of labor, menstrual cramps, and effectively
treating various uterine complaints."
Gai Stern (1986)
Cronewort/mugwort = smudge, dream pillow, moxa, birthing steam, vinegar of
roots and young leaves, salad green when young, mugwort noodles, mugwort
mochi. American colonists used the sundried leaves as a tea substitute.
Formerly a popular beer flavoring (hence the name mugwort). Controls worms
in goats. Urinary tonic. Uterine tonic. Digestive tonic. Nerve tonic.
Circulatory tonic. Cronewort eases pain and fever, comforts grief and
depression, eases irritability and burdened joints, brings peace and sleep,
and reassures the nerves.
Moxa demonstration and discussion.
"That torturous, barbaric practice, the use of the moxa, is closely related
to this plant."
Millspaugh (1892)
Wormwood = tincture, oil. Ingredient in absinth. Stimulates mid-brain
activity and increases creativity, but repeated use disturbs the central
nervous system. Prevents giardia, dysentery, amoebas. Cholagogic, digestive,
appetite-stimulant, liver-stimulant, wound healer. Caution: Use can lower
seizure threshold; interacts adversely with seizure-reducing medications.
Sweet Annie = capsules, in fairly large daily dose, to prevent malaria;
source of antimalarial drugs. A strong tea, taken frequently, kills giardia
and amoebas.
Tarragon = vinegar, seasoning. Appetite stimulant according to Herbal PDR.
Southernwood = dream pillow, sachet, charms. To see the beloved.
Species
Some of the many Artemisia species that herbalists and gardeners use:
² A. abrotanum (southernwood)
² A. absinthium (wormwood)
² A. afra (African wormwood)
² A. annua (sweet Annie, qing hao)
² A. camphorata (camphor-scented sothernwood)
² A. drancuncula (tarragon, estragon, little dragon)
² A. frigida (fringed sagebrush)
² A. lactiflora (ghost plant)
² A. ludoviciana (silver queen)
² A. pontica (Roman wormwood)
² A. schmidtiana (silver mound)
² A. stellerana (old woman, dusty miller)
² A. tridentata (sagebrush; three-toothed sagebrush)
² A. vulgaris (cronewort, mugwort)
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Amazing Artemisias
by Susun S. Weed, author and herbalist. Write to: lynpb@powerup.com.au for
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